The LEMP stack is a popular web server solution that consists of Linux, Nginx (pronounced "Engine-X"), MariaDB, and PHP. In this guide, we will walk you through the steps to install the LEMP stack on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Nginx

Install Nginx using the following command:

sudo apt install nginx -y

Start Nginx and enable it to start at boot:

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

Step 3: Install MariaDB

Next, install MariaDB, which will serve as the database management system:

sudo apt install mariadb-server -y

Secure the MariaDB installation:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Step 4: Install PHP

Now, install PHP along with the necessary extensions for Nginx:

sudo apt install php php-fpm php-mysql -y

Step 5: Configure Nginx to Use PHP

Edit the default Nginx server block configuration:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Modify the file to include the following configuration for PHP support:

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name your_domain_or_IP;

        root /var/www/html;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }
    }

Step 6: Test PHP Processing

Create a PHP info file to test if PHP is working with Nginx:

echo "" | sudo tee /var/www/html/info.php

Now open your web browser and go to http://your_domain_or_IP/info.php. You should see the PHP information page.

Step 7: Restart Nginx

Restart Nginx to apply the changes:

sudo systemctl restart nginx

Conclusion

You have successfully installed the LEMP stack (Nginx, PHP, and MariaDB) on Debian 11. This powerful combination allows you to host dynamic websites and applications.

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