Drupal is a powerful open-source content management system (CMS) that allows you to create and manage websites easily. In this guide, we will walk you through the installation of Drupal with Apache and Let's Encrypt SSL on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Required Packages

Install Apache, PHP, and required PHP extensions:

sudo apt install apache2 php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-xml php-gd php-curl -y

Step 3: Download and Configure Drupal

Navigate to the /var/www/html directory and download Drupal:

cd /var/www/html
sudo curl -s https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz | sudo tar -xz --strip-components=1

Set the ownership of the files:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

Step 4: Create a MySQL Database for Drupal

Log in to MySQL and create a database:

sudo mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE drupal;
CREATE USER 'drupaluser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupal.* TO 'drupaluser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Step 5: Configure Apache for Drupal

Create a new Apache configuration file for your Drupal site:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Add the following configuration:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your_domain
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html
    ServerName your_domain
    <Directory /var/www/html>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Enable the new site and rewrite module:

sudo a2ensite drupal
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Step 6: Install Let's Encrypt SSL

Install Certbot:

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache -y

Obtain and install the SSL certificate:

sudo certbot --apache -d your_domain

Step 7: Complete Drupal Installation

Open your web browser and navigate to https://your_domain. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the Drupal installation.

Conclusion

You have successfully installed Drupal with Apache and Let's Encrypt SSL on Debian 11. This robust CMS will help you manage your website effectively.

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