MongoDB is a NoSQL database that uses a document-oriented data model, making it ideal for handling large amounts of data. In this guide, we will walk through the steps to install and secure MongoDB on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Import the MongoDB Public Key

Import the public GPG key used by the MongoDB package management system:

wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-5.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Step 3: Create the MongoDB Source List File

Create a list file for MongoDB:

echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/5.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-5.0.list

Step 4: Update the Package Database

Update the package database to include the MongoDB packages:

sudo apt update

Step 5: Install MongoDB

Install MongoDB using the following command:

sudo apt install -y mongodb-org

Step 6: Start and Enable MongoDB

Start the MongoDB service and enable it to run at boot:

sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod

Step 7: Secure MongoDB

By default, MongoDB is not secured. To secure it, first, enable authentication. Edit the MongoDB configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf

Find the line that says security: and add the following under it:

authorization: "enabled"

Save and exit the editor, then restart MongoDB:

sudo systemctl restart mongod

Step 8: Create an Admin User

Connect to the MongoDB shell:

mongo

Switch to the admin database and create a new admin user:

use admin
db.createUser({user: "admin", pwd: "your_password", roles: [{role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin"}]})

Replace your_password with a strong password.

Step 9: Verify Authentication

Exit the MongoDB shell and try to connect again with authentication:

mongo -u admin -p your_password --authenticationDatabase admin

Conclusion

You have successfully installed and secured MongoDB on Debian 11. This database will help you manage your data efficiently and securely.

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