Prometheus is an open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit originally built at SoundCloud. It is designed for reliability and scalability. In this guide, we will walk through the steps to install Prometheus on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Create a Prometheus User

For security reasons, it’s recommended to run Prometheus as a dedicated user:

sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus

Step 3: Download Prometheus

Download the latest version of Prometheus from the official website:

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.38.0/prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Extract the downloaded archive:

tar xvf prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Step 4: Move Binaries

Move the Prometheus and Promtool binaries to the appropriate directory:

sudo mv prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
sudo mv prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/promtool /usr/local/bin/

Step 5: Create Configuration Directory

Create a directory for Prometheus configuration:

sudo mkdir /etc/prometheus

Move the configuration file to the configuration directory:

sudo mv prometheus-2.38.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/

Step 6: Set Permissions

Set the appropriate permissions for the Prometheus files:

sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool

Step 7: Create a Systemd Service File

Create a service file for Prometheus:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

Add the following configuration to the file:

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
  --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ \
  --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:9090" \
  --web.enable-lifecycle

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Step 8: Start and Enable Prometheus

Start the Prometheus service and enable it to run at boot:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start prometheus
sudo systemctl enable prometheus

Step 9: Verify Prometheus Installation

Check if Prometheus is running by navigating to:

http://your_server_ip:9090

You should see the Prometheus web interface.

Conclusion

You have successfully installed Prometheus on Debian 11. This powerful monitoring tool will help you keep track of your systems and applications.

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