Apache Guacamole is a clientless remote desktop gateway that allows you to access your desktops through a web browser. It supports standard protocols like VNC, RDP, and SSH. In this guide, we will walk through the steps to install Apache Guacamole on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Required Dependencies

Install the necessary packages:

sudo apt install -y build-essential libcairo2-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev libpng-dev \
libwebp-dev libpango1.0-dev libssh2-1-dev libtelnet-dev libvncserver-dev libpulse-dev \
libssl-dev libvorbis-dev ffmpeg

Step 3: Install Tomcat

Apache Guacamole requires a servlet container like Tomcat to run. Install Tomcat with the following command:

sudo apt install -y tomcat9 tomcat9-admin

Step 4: Download Guacamole Server

Visit the Apache Guacamole releases page to download the latest version of the Guacamole server and client. You can use wget to download it directly:

wget https://apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/guacamole/1.5.2/binary/guacamole-server-1.5.2.tar.gz

Extract the downloaded archive:

tar -xzf guacamole-server-1.5.2.tar.gz
cd guacamole-server-1.5.2

Step 5: Compile and Install Guacamole Server

Compile and install the Guacamole server:

./configure --with-init-dir=/etc/init.d
make
sudo make install

Finally, configure the Guacamole server:

sudo ldconfig

Step 6: Configure Guacamole Client

Download the Guacamole client:

wget https://apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/guacamole/1.5.2/binary/guacamole-1.5.2.war

Move the war file to the Tomcat webapps directory:

sudo mv guacamole-1.5.2.war /var/lib/tomcat9/webapps/guacamole.war

Step 7: Create the Guacamole Configuration File

Create a configuration directory for Guacamole:

sudo mkdir /etc/guacamole
sudo nano /etc/guacamole/guacamole.properties

Add the following configuration to the file:

guacd-hostname: localhost
guacd-port: 4822
# Use the database or LDAP backend if needed
# db-driver: mysql
# db-hostname: localhost
# db-port: 3306
# db-username: guacamole_user
# db-password: guacamole_password

Step 8: Start Tomcat and Guacamole

Start the Tomcat server:

sudo systemctl start tomcat9
sudo systemctl enable tomcat9

Step 9: Access Guacamole

Open your web browser and navigate to:

http://your_server_ip:8080/guacamole

Log in with the default credentials:

• Username: guacadmin
• Password: guacadmin

Step 10: Change the Default Password

For security reasons, it's essential to change the default password after your first login.

Conclusion

You have successfully installed Apache Guacamole on Debian 11. This powerful remote desktop gateway will allow you to access your systems securely through a web browser.

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