Magento is an open-source eCommerce platform that provides a flexible shopping cart system and a wide range of features to manage your online store. In this guide, we will walk through the steps to install Magento on Debian 11.

Step 1: Update Your System

Start by ensuring your system is up to date:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Required Packages

Install the necessary packages for Magento:

sudo apt install -y apache2 mysql-server php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-cli php-curl php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-gd php-soap php-intl php-bcmath

Step 3: Configure MySQL

Log in to MySQL to create a database and user for Magento:

sudo mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE magento;
CREATE USER 'magento_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Replace your_password with a strong password of your choice.

Step 4: Download Magento

Download the latest version of Magento:

wget https://github.com/magento/magento2/archive/refs/tags/2.4.5.zip

Extract the downloaded archive:

unzip 2.4.5.zip

Move the extracted files to the web directory:

sudo mv magento2-2.4.5 /var/www/html/magento

Step 5: Configure Apache

Create a new Apache configuration file for Magento:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/magento.conf

Add the following configuration:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/magento/pub
    ServerName your_domain.com

    <Directory /var/www/html/magento/pub>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/magento_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/magento_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Replace your_domain.com with your actual domain name.

Step 6: Enable Apache Modules

Enable the necessary Apache modules and the new site configuration:

sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2ensite magento

Step 7: Restart Apache

Restart Apache to apply the changes:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Step 8: Set Permissions

Set the proper permissions for the Magento directory:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/magento
sudo find /var/www/html/magento -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/html/magento -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Step 9: Install Magento

Open your web browser and navigate to:

http://your_domain.com

Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.

Conclusion

You have successfully installed Magento on Debian 11. This powerful eCommerce platform will help you manage your online store effectively.

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